ABSTRACT
Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a benign breast disease with disordered breast structure. Nowadays, the incidence rate of breast hyperplasia in women is increasing year by year, and the etiology is related to the imbalance of estrogen and progesterone in the body. The symptoms include breast pain, breast nodules, or nipple discharge, which can develop into breast cancer in the context of psychological pressure. Therefore, it is timely and effectively necessary for people to treat the symptoms. At present, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) often treats breast hyperplasia by oral drug, external application, acupuncture, moxibustion, and massage, while western medicine often uses hormone therapy or surgery. TCM can regulate hormone levels to treat breast hyperplasia. Acupuncture, moxibustion, and other methods can stimulate acupoints to reduce breast lumps. However, since TCM is easy to produce hepatorenal toxicity after long-term use and simple external treatment is slow to take effect, rapid and effective treatment is difficult to be achieved. Although western medicine can inhibit the disease, it is easy to produce toxic and side effects if taken for a long time. In addition, surgery can only remove the focus and the recurrence rate is high. Some studies have found that the combination of oral and external use of TCM compounds has a significant effect, with mild toxic and side effects, few adverse reactions, and a low recurrence rate. Based on the relevant literature in recent years, this article reviewed the combination of oral and external treatment of TCM in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands, discussed the effectiveness, clinical evaluation indexes, and mechanism, and pointed out the existing shortcomings to explore a comprehensive therapy worthy of clinical application.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Mammary Glands, Human , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Hyperplasia , Acupuncture Therapy , Breast Neoplasms , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , EstrogensABSTRACT
In this study, untargeted metabolomics technology based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze and identify the overall chemical components of Juniperri Caulis et Folium. Chemical markers for the identification of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species were screened by integrated principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. A total of 58 chemical components were detected and 46 of them were identified, including 26 flavonoids, 8 organic acids and their derivatives, 4 phenylpropanoids, 3 terpenoids, and 5 other components. Among them, methylsyringin and ekersenin were identified for the first time. In the positive ion mode, 12 markers were screened, and in the negative ion mode, 13 markers were screened for species identification. In summary, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS metabonomics technology combined with chemometrics method can effectively reveal the chemical composition differences of different Juniperri Caulis et Folium species, and provide reference for its species identification and quality control.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Three Handing-Three Points on pain function in sciatic nerve injury rats by observing the changes of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1, CX3CL1)/chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) protein and mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn. Methods:A total of 74 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (n= 12), sham group (n = 24), model group (n = 25), and Three Handing-Three Points group (Tuina group,n = 13). The model group and Tuina group prepared the sciatic nerve injury model. The sham group exposed sciatic nerve only. Tuina group received Tuina on Yinmen (BL37), Chengshan (BL57) and Yanglingquan (GB34) with Tuina manipulation emulator. The photothermal pain threshold was measured seven days after modeling and after 20 days of intervention; cumulative pain score was measured seven days after modeling, and after ten days and 20 days of intervention. The spinal dorsal horn tissues were extracted to detect the protein and mRNA expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 with Western blotting and RT-PCR seven days after modeling and after 20 days of intervention. The microglia morphology in spinal dorsal horn was observed with immunofluorescence after 20 days of intervention. Results:Seven days after modeling, compared with the normal group, the photothermal pain tolerance threshold increased in the model group and the sham group (P < 0.05); compared with the sham group, the cumulative pain score increased in the model group and Tuina group (P < 0.05). After ten days of intervention, the cumulative pain score was lower in Tuina group than in the model group (P < 0.05). After 20 days of intervention, both the photothermal pain tolerance threshold and cumulative pain score were lower in Tuina group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 protein and mRNA on the seven days after modeling and after 20 days of intervention (P > 0.05). The microglia in the model group were partially activated or completely activated, while those in Tuina group were unactivated or partially activated after 20 days of intervention. Conclusion:Three Handing-Three Points can improve the pain function of sciatic nerve injured rats, which may associate with regulating microglia through the pathway other than CX3CL1/CX3CR1.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Tuina of Three Handing-Three Points on the motor function of hind limbs, the proliferation of Schwann cell, recovery of myelin sheath and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad2 pathway protein in injured sciatic nerve of rats. Methods:A total of 66 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n = 22), model group (n = 22) and observation group (n = 22). The sciatic nerve injury model was made by clamping method. On the eighth day after modeling, the observation group received stimulation on Yinmen (BL37), Chengshan (BL57) and Yanglingquan (GB34). The sciatic functional index (SFI) was measured before intervention and 21 days after intervention. The Oblique Plate Test was performed before intervention, and seven days, 14 days and 21 days after intervention. The expression of S100, TGF-β1 and Smad2 were observed by immunofluorescence. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad2 and p-Smad2 was detected by Western blotting. Results:Before intervention, SFI was lower in the model group and observation group than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05); 21 days after intervention, SFI and the angle of Oblique Plate Test were higher in the observation group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that, 21 days after intervention, the expression of S100 was lower in the model group than in the sham operation group (P < 0.01), and was higher in the observation group than in the model group (P < 0.05), no difference was found between the observation group and the sham operation group (P > 0.05). Western blotting showed that, before intervention and seven days after intervention, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad2 and p-Smad2 were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group; 21 days after intervention, no difference was found in the expression among groups (P > 0.05) Conclusion:Three Handing-Three Points could promote the proliferation of Schwann cell and the recovery of myelin sheath, to improve the motor function of hind limbs in rats with sciatic nerve injury, which may not be related to TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway.
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Objective:To explore the effect of Tuina of Three Handing-Three Points on the recovery of motor function, the expression of neuregulin (NRG) 1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) 2 in the injured point of sciatic nerve and L4-6 spinal cord, and the morphological change of myelin sheath at the injured point of sciatic nerve of rats. Methods:A total of 76 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, model group and Tuina group with 19 rats in each group. The right side sciatic nerve was clamped to make model in the model group and Tuina group. The sham operation group exposed sciatic nerve only. Tuina group received Tuina on Yinmen (BL37), Chengshan (BL57) and Yanglingquan (GB34) with dialing, plucking and kneading using Tuina technique simulator. All of them were tested with Oblique Plate Test before modeling, seven days and 28 days after modeling. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NRG1 and ErbB2 in the injured point of sciatic nerve and L4-6 spinal cord. The change of myelin sheath at the sciatic nerve injury point was observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscope. Results:Seven days and 28 days after modeling, the scores of Oblique Plate Test were lower in the model group and Tuina group than in the normal group and the sham operation group (P < 0.05); 28 days after modeling, the scores was higher in Tuina group than in the model group (P < 0.05). At the sciatic nerve injury point, three days after modeling, the expression of NRG1 and ErbB2 was higher in the model group and Tuina group than in the normal group and the sham operation group (P < 0.05); seven days and 28 days after modeling, there was no significant difference in NRG1 among groups (P > 0.05); 28 days after modeling, the expression of ErbB2 was higher in the model group and Tuina group than in the normal group and the sham operation group (P < 0.05). In L4-6 spinal cord, three days after modeling, the expression of NRG1 and ErbB2 was higher in the model group and Tuina group than in the normal group and sham operation group (P < 0.05); seven days after modeling, the expression of NRG1 was higher in the model group and Tuina group than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), and the expression of ErbB2 was higher in the model group and Tuina group than in the normal group and the sham operation group (P < 0.05); 28 days after modeling, the expression of NRG1 was higher in Tuina group than in the model group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in ErbB2 among groups (P > 0.05). The electron microscope showed that, 28 days after modeling, the myelin sheath collapsed seriously in the model group; while the ultrastructure of the nerve injury point improved, and the myelin sheath of the nerve fiber was relatively intact in Tuina group; the g-ratio value was lower in the model group than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05), the g-ratio value was higher in Tuina group than in the model group (P < 0.05), and no difference was found in g-ratio value between Tuina group and sham operation group (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Three Handing-Three Points could improve the motor function of hind limbs in rats with sciatic nerve injury, which may be related to the adjustment of NRG1 and ErbB2 in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, to maintain normal myelin sheath structure.
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The aim of this paper was to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of colon cancer through pharmacology network and molecular docking methods. The chemical constituents and action targets of 7 herbs from Banxia Xiexin Decoction were collected by using TCMSP database,Chinese Pharmacopoeia and literatures consultation. GeneCards database was used to predict the potential targets of colon cancer. GO biological process analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the disease and drug intersection targets were carried out through DAVID database. "Component-target-pathway" network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were construction by using Cytoscape and STRING database,and then the core components and targets of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of colon cancer were selected according to the topological parameters. Finally, Autodock Vina was used to realize the molecular docking of core components and key targets. The prediction results showed that there were 190 active compounds and 324 corresponding targets for Banxia Xiexin Decoction,involving 74 potential targets for colon cancer. Cytoscape topology analysis revealed 11 key targets such as STAT3,TP53,AKT1,TNF,IL6 and SRC, as well as 10 core components such as quercetin,β-sitosterol,baicalein,berberine,and 6-gingerol.In bioinformatics enrichment analysis, 679 GO terms and 106 KEGG pathways were obtained, mainly involving PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway and TP53 signaling pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that baicalein,berberine,licochalcone A and 6-gingerol had a high affinity with SRC,STAT3,TNF and IL6. The results suggested that Banxia Xiexin Decoction could play an anti-colon cancer effect by inhibiting cell proliferation, regulating cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and anti-inflammatory function. The study revealed the multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways molecular mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction,which could provide scientific basis and research ideas for the clinical application of Banxia Xiexin Decoction and the treatment of colon cancer with compound Chinese medicines.